Poultry eviscerating machine

ABSTRACT

In the automatic evisceration of poultry the viscera is displaced from the body cavity of the bird through an access opening cut at the vent. In one form of the invention, a spoonlike removal tool applies pressure on the viscera away from the breast and drags the viscera along the backbone. In a second form, a removal tool in the nature of a loop captures the viscera and pulls it from the cavity. The entire operation takes place while the birds are advanced continuously by an overhead conveyor from which they are suspended by their legs. A series of birdreceiving carriages travel around a loop in time relation to the conveyor, and each carriage is provided with an individual removal tool which enters the cavity on an arc that conforms to the configuration of the breast. At the completion of the operation, a latch is released to remove spring pressure from the tool, causing the latter to swing clear and permitting the eviscerated bird to continue along the conveyor line for successive processing operations.

United States Patent [1 1 Scheier 1 POULTRY EVISCERATING MACHINE [75]Inventor: Donald .1. Scheier, Kansas City, Mo.

[73] Assignee: Gordon Johnson Company, Kansas City, Mo.

[22] Filed: Feb. 22, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 228,046

Related US. Application Data [60] Division of Ser. No. 88948, Nov. 12,1970, Pat. No. 3,653,093, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No.700.907. Jan. 26, 1968, Pat. No. 3.555593.

Primary Examiner-Robert Peshock Attorney. Agent, or FirmSchmidt,Johnson, Hovey &

Williams 51 Mar. 26, 1974 5 7 ABSTRACT In the automatic evisceration ofpoultry the viscera is displaced from the body cavity of the birdthrough an access opening cut at the vent. In one form of the invention,a spoon-like removal tool applies pressure on the viscera away from thebreast and drags the viscera along the backbone. In a second form, aremoval tool in the nature of a loop captures the viscera and pulls itfrom the cavity. The entire operation takes place while the birds areadvanced continuously by an overhead conveyor from which they aresuspended by their legs. A series of bird-receiving carriages travelaround a loop in time relation to the conveyor, and each carriage isprovided with an individual removal tool which enters the cavity on anare that conforms to the configuration of the breast. At the, completionof the operation, a latch is released to remove spring pressure from thetool. causing the latter to swing clear and permitting the evisceratedbird to continue along the conveyor line for successive processingoperations.

3 Claims, 22 Drawing Figures PATENTEDHARZB I974 SHiET 2 UP 7 SHEET 3 BF7 PATENTED MAR 2 6 I974 cat/98708 PATENTED MR 2 8 I974 SHEET 5 OF 73798708 sum 7 nr 7 PATENTEDmzs I974 POULTRY EVISCERATING MACHINECROSS-REFERENCES This is a division of application Ser. No. 088,948,filed Nov. 12, 1970, now U. S. Pat. No. 3,653,093 issued Apr. 4, I972,which itselfis a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 700,907 filed Jan. 26,I968 now U. S. Pat. No. 3,555,593, issued Jan. 19,197].

It is an important object of my present invention to eviscerate poultryautomatically byuse of a springloaded spoon which enters the body cavityalong the breast so as to avoid damage to internal organs and iswithdrawn while the viscera is pressed against the backbone of the bird.

Another important object of the instant invention is to provide forwithdrawal of the lungs, which are the most difficult to remove of theinternal organs, by causing the spoon to first loosen the lungs and thento remove them by a pulling action through veins which connect the lungswith the heart.

Still another important object of the present invention is to performall of the steps of viscera removal while the birds are continuallyadvanced with the spoon being lowered through the access opening, swungalong the breast and raised from within the body cavity withoutinterruption.

Furthermore, another important object of the invention is to evisceratepoultry automatically by use of a removal tool in the form of a loopwhich enters the body cavity along the breast so as to avoid damage tointernal organs, captures the viscera and is withdrawn to pull thecaptured viscera from the body cavity.

Still another important object of the invention is to provide, in theautomatic evisceration of poultry, a method of loosening the esophagusand lungs while leaving the lungs and the sex organs for subsequentinspection and removal.

Yet another important object of the invention is to provide a method andapparatus for automatically eviscerating poultry as a part of aproduction line process in which individual birds are continuouslyadvanced in succession, wherein a removal tool is inserted into the bodycavity of an advancing bird to a predetermined, operative position andthen locked in such position prior to withdrawal of the tool and viscerathrough an access opening cut at the vent of the bird.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a poultry eviscerating machine madein accordance with my present invention;

FIG. 2 is an elevational view showing the opposite side thereof;

FIG. 3 is an end elevational view thereof;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary elevational view similar to FIG. 1showing one of the carriages with the spoon and the rollers removed forclearness;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views taken along lines 55 and 6-6respectively of FIG. 4;

' FIG. 7 is an enlarged, fragmentary leading end view of one of theheads of one of the carriages;

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 showing different positions ofcertain parts;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 9-9 of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a detailed perspective view of one of the latch releases;

FIG. 11 is a detailed perspective view of the other latch release;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view of the spoon;

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing the viscera schematically andillustrating the spoon partially withdrawn from the bird cavity;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing the viscera schematically andillustrating the spoon movement into the bird cavity;

FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of a modified form of carriage andhead;

FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 1616 of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a leading end view of the modified head of FIGS. 15 and 16;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the modified head;

FIG. 19 is a fragmentary, plan view showing a cam and track engageableby the outer roller of the modified head;

FIG. 20 is a side elevational view of the cam and track shown in FIG.19;

FIG. 21 is a side elevational view of a track which supports the innerroller of the modified head; and

FIG. 22 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken along line 22-22 ofFIG. 21.

DESCRIPTION FIGS. l14

The eviscerating machine 16 is shown by FIG. 3 for use in conjunctionwith an overhead conveyor for suspending birds 18 from their legsthrough use of shackles 20 swingable from chains 22, adjustable guiderods 24 and 26 being optionally provided for shackles 20 and chairs 22respectively.

Machine 16 includes basic framework 28 mounted on a pair of tubes 30that are vertically adjustable on legs 32. Framework 28 carries a pairof spaced, upright shafts 34 and 36, the latter of which is driven by amotor 38 and gear reducer 40 on platform 42 secured to tubes 30. A pairof endless chains 44 around sprocket wheels 46 on shafts 34 and 36support a number of carriages, only three of which are shown in FIG. 1and designated 48a, 48b and 486. FIG. 2 shows only carriages 48c, 48dand 48:2, whereas FIG. 3 shows only carriages 48b and 48d.

The carriages being identical, only one need be described. They eachinclude a U-shaped back-up plate 50 or mount for the bird 18, having apair of bearing blocks 52 rigid thereto and connected with chains 44 1by short links 54 (FIGS. 4-6). Each plate 50 has an outwardly anddownwardly bowed, vertically adjustable retainer 56, slotted to receivethe neck of bird l8, and a pair of laterally adjustable fingers 58,bowed outwardly in opposite directions, and spaced to receive the bodyof bird 18 above its wings and below its legs.

Each plate 50 also carries a rack 60, reciprocable in bushings 62, andmeshing with a pinion 64 in a hood 66, pinion 64 being rigid to a shaft68 rotatably carried by hood 66. An L-shaped arm 70, rigid to shaft 68,is swingable to and from a position engaging the breast of bird 18 tohold its back against plate 50. A roller 72 on rack 60 travels in a camslot 74 of an elongated loop 76 secured to framework 28.

A pair of rods 78, reciprocable vertically in blocks 52, carry a head80; above plate 50, head 80 including a crossbar 82 rigid to rods 78, apair of upstanding spaced arms 84 rigid to crossbar 82, and a pair ofspaced legs 86 rigid to and extending outwardly from crossbar 82. Theupper ends of arms 84 are joined by a bar 88 which supports a roller 90.A stop 92 and a shaft 94 also interconnect arms 84, and a finger 96extends upwardly from one of the arms 84.

A short latch 98 and a long latch 100 reciprocate horizontally incrossbar 82 and between spaced strips 102 joining the ends of legs 86remote from crossbar 82. Springs 104 around latches 98 and 100 betweencrossbar 82 and stop pins 106 yieldably maintain pins 106 against strips102. One end of each latch 98 and 100 is beveled and the opposite endcarries a roller 108,

Shaft 94 swingably receives an outer yoke 110, an intermediate yoke 112and an inner yoke 114, all of which are U-shaped. The bight of yoke 110has a roller 116 thereon; the bight of yoke 112 has a shank 118 rigidthereto; and the bight of yoke 114 is a tube which receives shaft 94.

An underslung, Ushaped bracket 120, rigid to the legs of the yoke 110,and engageable by the legs of yoke 112 beneath the latter, has its bightengaging latch 100 therebeneath when yoke 110 is locked thereby in itshorizontal position. A spring 122 connects at its lower end with thebight of bracket 120 and connects at its upper end with a tensionadjusting bolt 124 depending from an extension 126 on shank 118.

An underslung, U-shaped bracket 128, rigid to the legs of the yoke 114and engageable by the legs of yokes 110 and 112 therebeneath, has itsbight engaging latch 98 therebeneath when yoke 114 is locked thereby inits horizontal position. A spring 130 connects at its lower end with thebight of bracket 128 and connects at its upper end with a tensionadjusting bolt 132 depending from extension 126. A spring 134interconnects the finger 96 and an ear 136 on bracket 128.

The rollers 90 continually support their heads 80 and all parts carriedby the latter by virtue of rolling along a track 138 which surrounds themachine 16. Track 138 has an inclined stretch 138a along one side of themachine 16 (FIG. 1) and the arcuate ends of track 138 are essentiallyhorizontal (FIG. 3). At the opposite side of machine 16 (FIG. 2) thetrack 138 has two inclined stretches l38b and 1380 between which is ahorizontal strecth 138d. A track 140 on one side only of machine 16(FIG. 1) engages rollers 90 thereabovev A short inclined cam rod 142 isprovided for rollers 116 on one side of machine 16 (FIG. 2) and on thissame side there is provided an inclined stretch 1440 of another cam rod144 for rollers 116. Cam rod 144 continues around one end of machine 16from stretch 1440 into an arcuate, essentially horizontal stretch 144bwhich terminates at the tube 30 proximal to shaft 36 (FIG. 1

Framework 28 mounts a release for latch 100 immediately below trackstretch 1380 (FIG. 2) in the nature of a cam 146 for the roller 108 oflatch 100 (FIG. that is adjustably mounted on an inclined plate 148.Track stretch 138s mounts a release for latch 98 adjacent the upper endof stretch 138C (FIG. 2) and taking the form of a cam 150 for the roller108 of latch 98 (FIG. 11).

A removal tool in the form of an elongated, longitudinally andtransversely arcuate spoon 152, mounted on each of the shanks 118 (FIG.5), has a central notch 154 and a pair of shorter notches 156 at itslowermost free end (FIG. 12). FIGS. 13 and 14 of the drawings illustratethe spoon 152 within the body cavity of the bird 18 between thebreastbone 158 and the viscera which include the lungs 160 adjacentbackbone 162 and the heart 164 attached to the lungs 160 by veins 166,all forwardly of the heavy bone mass of the hipbones 168.

OPERATION FIGS. 1-14 The overhead conveyor, which includes the chains 22and shackles 20, advances the birds 18 in continuous succession alongthe rods 24 and 26, and the machine 16, in timed relation with theoverhead conveyor, advances the carriages 48 around the left hand end ofmachine 16 (viewing FIG. 2) so that each carriage 48 is aligned with abird 18 at that side of machine 16 shown in FIG. 2. An access openingfor the spoon 152 to the body cavity has previously been cut at the ventof each bird 18.

As the rollers 90 reach the inclined stretch 138a of track 138, theheads descend. At the same time, and while the heads 80 are movingdownwardly, the rollers 116 engage the cam rod 142, causing the spoons152 to swing against the action of springs 134 from the position shownin FIG. 5 toward their plates 50. At about the time rollers reach thestretch 138:! of track 138, with the heads 80 at the lowermost ends oftheir vertical movement relative to plates 50, the lowermost ends ofspoons 152 will have reached the access openings adjacent the vents ofbirds 18. Accordingly, the movement of spoons 152 within the birdcavities along backbones 162 will be arcuate about the axes of shafts94.

While the heads 80 descend and as the spoons I52 swing downwardly, asabove explained, the rollers 72 descend to the horizontal portion 740 ofslot 74 in loop 76, lowering racks 60 and rotating pinions 64 to swingarms 70 against the birds 18, holding them between fingers 58 with theirbacks against plates 50.

As the spoons 152 reach the ends of their swinging movement towardplates 50, the bights of brackets 120 and 128 engage the beveled ends oflatches 98 and 100, depressing the same slightly against springs 104until latches 98 and slip beneath brackets and 128. Then, as rollers 116pass beyond the lower end of cam rod 142, the yokes 110, 112 and 114 areheld against upward swinging movement (See FIG. 7, full lines).

The spoon 152 follows the curvature of breastbone 158 without damage tothe internal organs, pressing them toward backbone 162, until spoon 152comes into engagement with the lungs 160. As soon as roller 90 reachesstretch 138:: of track 138, the withdrawal of spoon 152 commences, andat this juncture the full tension of both springs 122 and is exerted onspoon 152 so that it bears tightly against lungs (FIG. 14). Thisdragging, yet yieldable action across the hard to remove lungs 160 (FIG.7, dotted lines) loosens them sufficiently for easy withdrawal as upwardmovement of spoon 1S2 continues with the viscera captured therein.

When spoon 152 reaches the position shown in FIG. 13, roller 108,engaging cam 146 (FIGS. 2 and 10), will release latch 100, permittingyokes 110 and 112 to swing upwardly about shaft 94, thereby releasingthe tension of spring 122 on spoon 152 (FIG. 8). But the latch 98 isstill engaging bracket 128 and the tension of spring 130 between yokes112 and 114 is still on the spoon 152.

During continued upward movement of spoon 152 beyond the position shownin FIG. 13, the pressure of spring 130 on spoon 152 will cause the notch154 of spoon 152 to clear backbone 162 as spoon 152 withdraws theviscera. The veins 166 will be received in notches 156 and through suchveins 166 the lungs 160 will be pulled along by the heart 164.

The spoon 152 and the viscera will have been withdrawn from the bodycavity by the time roller 108 reaches cam 150 where latch 98 isreleased, causing yoke 114 to swing upwardly by the action of spring 134toward the position shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

Before roller 90 continues around the machine 16 beyond stretch 1386 oftrack 138, roller 72 will rise in inclined portion 74b of slot 74 torelease arm 70, the latter remaining in its outwardly extended positionas roller 72 moves along portion 740 of slot 74 (FIG. 1). Theeviscerated bird 18 is therefore freed from the carriage 48 forcontinued advancement by the overhead conveyor before carriage 48 movesto that side of machine 16 shown in FIG. 1.

As roller 116 engages track stretch 144a, the yokes 110, 112 and 114 areheld against full upward movement until roller 116 leaves track stretch144b, whereupon spring 134 swings yokes 110, 112 and 114 into engagementwith stop 92 (FIGS. 1, 4 and 5). R01- ler 90 descends along track 140and stretch 138a of track 138 with spoon 152 and arm 70 extendingoutwardly as shown best by FIGS. 1 and 2 in carriage 48c.

DESCRIPTION FIGS. -22

A carriage of modified construction is illustrated in FIGS. 15-18. As inthe first embodiment of the carriage described hereinabove, a backupplate 180 serves as a mount for the bird and has a pair of bearingblocks 182 rigid thereto and connected with the conveyor chains 44 inthe same manner as in the first embodiment (the connecting links are notshown). The backup plate 180 is provided with a pair of laterallyadjustable fingers 184 which are set forwardly from the supportingsurface of plate 180 by a spacer block 185, and are bowed outwardly inopposite directions and spaced to receive the body of the bird above itswings and below its legs. The retainer 56 of the first embodiment is notemployed.

A T-shaped arm 186 has an offset leg connected at its lower end to ashaft 188 for swinging movement of the arm 186 as the shaft 188 isrotated by a rack and pinion drive of the same type as disclosedhereinabove for the first embodiment of the carriage. Note the roller190 adjacent the lower end of the rack 192.

A pair of rods 194 are vertically reciprocable in the bearing blocks 182and carry a head 196 above the plate 180. The head 196 is of somewhatdifferent construction than the head 80 of the previous embodiment, andincludes a crossbar 198 rigid to rods 194, a pair of V upstanding spacedarms 200 rigid to crossbar 198, and

a guide 202 projecting forwardly from crossbar 198. The upper ends ofarms 200 are joined by a bar 204 which supports a roller 206. A stop 208and a shaft 210 also interconnect the arms 200, and a finger 212projects upwardly from the bar 204.

A latch 214 reciprocates horizontally in crossbar 198 and guide 202. Aspring 216 in guide 202 around the latch 214 bears against crossbar 198and a stop pin 218. The forward end of the latch 214 is beveled and therearward end thereof carries a roller 220.

The shaft 210 carries an outer yoke 222, an intermediate yoke 224 and aninner yoke 226, all of which are U-shaped and swingable on the shaft210. The bight of outer yoke 222 has a roller 228 thereon, the bight ofintermediate yoke 224 has a shank 230 thereon, and the bight of theinner yoke 226 comprises a tube which is telescoped over and receivesshaft 210.

An underslung, U-shaped bracket 232 is rigid to the legs of the outeryoke 222. A spring 234 connects at its lower end with the bight ofbracket 232 and connects at its upper end with a tension adjusting bolt236 depending from an extension 238 on shank 230.

An underslung, Ushaped bracket 240 is rigid with the legs of the inneryoke 226 and has opposed ears 242 in normally underlying engagement withthe legs of the intermediate and outer yokes 224 and 222. The bight ofbracket 240 is in underlying engagement with the latch 214 when theinner yoke 226 is locked thereby in its horizontal position. A spring244 connects at its lower end with the bight of bracket 240 and connectsat its upper end with a tension adjusting bolt 246 depending fromextension 238 A spring 248 also has one end connected with the bight ofbracket 240, the opposing end thereof being connected to the finger 212.

A tab 250 projects from the shank 230 at the top of the bight of theintermediate yoke 224 and is normally in overlying engagement with thebight of the outer yoke 222. A pair of L-shaped mounting elements 252extend upwardly and laterally from the forward ends of the legs of theinner yoke 226 and carry a pair of adjustable bolts presenting stops 254that are normally spaced above respective legs of the outer yoke 222. Aprojection 256 is formed on each leg of yoke 222 to reinforce the leg atthe surface thereof which is brought into engagement with thecorresponding stop 254 upon swinging movement of the yoke 222illustrated in FIG. 17 by the broken lines.

A removal tool in the form of an elongated, U-shaped loop device 258 ismounted on the shank 230 in essentially the same manner as the spoon 152of the previous embodiment. The device 258 has a pair of parallel legs260 and a curved bight presenting the tip 262 of the tool. It should benoted that the tip 262 spans the outer ends 264 of the legs 260, butthat the tip 262 extends out of the common plane of the portions of thelegs 260 adjacent the ends 264 thereof. This is particularly evident inFIG. 16 where it may be seen that the tip 262 is bent back from the ends264 so that such ends 264 are in closest proximity to the surface of theplate upon which the bird will be held. Heavy rod stock is suitable forforming the legs 260 and tip 262 as a onepiece loop, reinforced ifnecessary by braces 265 joined to legs 260.

It should be understood that the modified form of carriage and headillustrated in FIGS. 15-18 may be substituted for the carriage and headof the first embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1-12 withonly minor modifications to the remaining components of the evisceratingmachine. Referring to FIGS. 1-13, the roller on the rack 192 wouldtravel in the cam slot 74, with the rollers 206 and 228 corresponding tothe rollers 90 and 116 of the first embodiment. This requires a modifiedcam and track arrangement for the rollers 206 and 228 illustrated inFIGS. 19-22 and described hereinafter.

The cam and track 266 for the outer roller 228 is illustrated in FIGS.19 and 20 and includes an inclined cam stretch 268 and a slightlyinclined track stretch 270 interconnected by an adjustable linkage 272.FIG. 20 views the can and track 266 as it would appear on the machine inFIG. 2, the cam stretch 268 substituting for the cam rod 142, and thetrack stretch 270 substi tuting for the stretch 144a. As in the firstembodiment, the stretch 270 extends around to the backside of themachine before terminating. An additional track 274 is mounted beneathtrack stretch 270 at the end of the evisceration process.

FIG. 21 shows the track 276 utilized to support the inner roller 206during the time that the carriage is receiving and holding the bird. Thetrack 276 is seen in FIG. 21 as it would appear on the machine in FIG.2, and includes a horizontal stretch 2760 replacing the track stretch138d, and an adjustable, inclined stretch 276b, replacing the inclinedstretch 1380, followed by a stretch 276c of only slight inclination. Thetrack 276 is horizontal following the stretch 276C and extends aroundthe backside of the machine, ultimately dropping to the horizontalstretch 276a in the same general manner as stretches 138a and 138!) ofthe first embodiment. The illustrations in FIGS. 20 and 21 arevertically aligned to facilitate a direct comparison of the relativepositions of the rollers 206 and 226 during the evisceration process.

The framework 28 of the machine is modified to accommodate theadjustable linkage 272 and the adjust able track stretch 276i).Accordingly, the framework 28 is provided with upright tubes, two ofwhich are shown at 278 in FIGS. 19 and 20, which telescopicallyreceivesupport members 280 rigid with track stretch 270 and extendingvertically upwardly therefrom. Setscrews (not shown) or other suitablemeans are employed to releasably secure the members 280 within the tubes278 at the elevation desired for track stretch 270. In like manner, avertical support member 282 has its lower end fixed to track stretch2766 (FIG. 21) and is also adjustble vertically.

The adjustable linkage 272 includes an elongated bar 284 pivoted at itslower end to cam stretch 268, the bar 284 having a longitudinal channeltherein receiving a slidable tongue 286 pivotally joined to the trackstretch 270. Retainer elements 288 extend across the upper surface ofthe bar 284 to hold the tongue 286 in the channel. The adjustable trackstretch 27619 is constructed in the same manner but is inverted withrespect to the linkage 272, the arrangement of the parts being clearlyshown in FIG. 22 and designated by the same reference numerals as abovewith the addition of the prime notation. Accordingly, the tongues 286and 286 slide in the channeled bars 284 and 284 as the track stretches270 and 2760 are raised or lowered to the desired height, which willdepend upon the size of the birds to be eviscerated.

A release for latch 214 is located at the beginning of track stretch2760 (FIG. 21) and comprises a cam 290 which is engageable by the roller220 carried by the latch 214. The cam 290 is inwardly arcuate, similarto the cam 150 utilized with the first embodiment and illustrated inFIG. 11.

OPERATION FIGS. 15-22 At the outset, operation of the machine isanalogous to that as previously discussed with respect to the first formof carriage and head. At about the time rollers 206 reach the trackstretch 276a, the tips 262 of the removal devices 258 will have reachedthe access openings adjacent the vents of the birds. Prior to this timeand thereafter while the rollers 206 are supported by the track stretch2760, the cam stretch 268 is forcing the rollers 228 downwardly tothereby cause the device 258 to swing against the action of springs 248.Since the rollers 190 are following the cam slot 74, the arms 186 areswung against the birds to hold them between the fingers 184 with theirbacks against the plates 180.

As the device 258 of an individual head 196 reaches the end of itsswinging movement toward the plate 180, the bight of bracket 240 engagesthe latch 214 to depress it slightly against the spring 216 until thelatch 214 slips over the bight of the bracket 240. This occurs at theend of the instroke of the device 258 as the roller 228 reaches thebottom end of the cam stretch 268. The inner yoke 226 is now locked inthe position shown in FIG. 15. With the yoke 226 locked, clockwisemovement of the device 258 about the shaft 210 (as viewed in FIG. 16) ispermitted only against the action of spring 244 and then, after apredetermined displacement, against the action of both springs 244 and234.

The device 258 enters the body cavity of the bird in the same manner asdescribed previously for the spoon 152. However, the ends 264 of thelegs 260 engage the back of the bird at the lung region on oppositesides of the backbone, thereby applying pressure in this region which isenhanced by the presence of the block 185, the latter spacing the birdaway from the surface of the plate at the lung region. Therefore, thegreatest pressure is applied at such region at the beginning of thedrawing stroke of the device 258, effected as the roller 206 travels upthe inclined track stretch 276b.

It is important to note that the shape of the tip 262 of the device 258serves to relieve pressure on the backbone although the ends 264 of thelegs 260 are maintained in engagement with the back of the bird. Beingbent away from the ends 264 and longitudinally curved, the bightpresenting the tip 262 does not scrape along the backbone yet issufficiently close thereto to effect the necessary capture of thegizzard between the legs 260. Therefore, the viscera is pulled from thebody cavity in a bundle by the tip 262 as the legs 260 are withdrawnwith the viscera trapped therebetween.

By virtue of the curved tip 262, the lungs are not actually removed.Instead, the tissue in the lung region is broken to loosen the lungs andalso loosen the esophagus, thereby permitting the esophagus to bestretched during drawing while it is maintained attached to the crop andmouth.

Furthermore, the curved tip 262 prevents removal of the sex organs aswell as the lungs so that both may be inspected while intact. Later inthe evisceration pro cess, a vacuum gun may be employed to complete theremoval of the lungs and sex organs. Accordingly, use of the device 258of loop configuration is desirable in the United States, for example,where the lungs and sex organs must be left intact for governmentinspection.

The spring 244 provides a yieldable support for the device 258 whilemaintaining pressure thereon to hold the ends 264 in engagement with theback of the bird. However, in the event that the device 258 is deflectedto the degree illustrated in FIG 17 by the broken lines, the legs of theouter yoke 222 at the projections 256 engage the stops 254, therebyeffectively locking the outer yoke 222 to the inner yoke 226 so that theintermediate yoke 224 (carrying the removal device 258) now must moveagainst the combined force of both springs 244 and 234. Reverse swingingmovement of the device 258 to the broken line position illustrated inFIG. 17 could occur, for example, as the device 258 is entering the bodycavity due to striking a bone obstruction encountered as it enters.Therefore, the second spring 234 serves to increase the resistance tofurther reverse swinging movement to assure that the ends 264 areproperly seated in the lung area and minimize the possibility of acomplete failure to eviscerate. Normally, the deflection permittedagainst the action of the first spring 244 only will accommodatemovement of the device 258 over bone structure encountered during thedrawing stroke.

At the end of the drawing stroke, the roller 220 on latch 214 engagesthe cam 290 to withdraw the latch 214 as illustrated by the arrow andthe broken lines in FIG. 17. This releases all of the yokes 222, 224 and226 to permit the same to swing upwardly about shaft 210 under the forceof spring 248. At this time, the outer roller 228 engages the trackstretch 270 to prevent the device 258 from suddenly swinging out and up;instead, the gradual incline of the track stretch 270 holds the yokes222, 224 and 226 against full upward movement until the roller 228advances beyond track stretch 270. The slight incline of track stretch270, however, permits some additional rise in the viscera to clear thebird, but the gradual rise thus provided prevents the esophagus frombreaking so that the viscera stays with the bird. The track 274 isprovided to prevent significant downward movement of the yokes 222, 224and 226 in the event that the bird is heavy enough to pull the roller228 downwardly away from the track thereabove, in order to preventrelatching of the inner yoke 226 which might otherwise occur.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desiredto be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a method of eviscerating a bird, the steps of: cutting an accessopening to the body cavity of the bird at its vent; supporting the backof the bird; holding the bird against fore to aft movement; and removingfrom the cavity only those organs disposed within the space between theback and the breast while leaving those attached directly to the back orin sockets alongside the same fully intact, said removing step includingthe substeps of: inserting a loop having a rounded, non-serrated, smoothperiphery into said cavity bight-first through said opening along a pathextending between the organs to be removed and the breast of the bird,moving the loop from its position along the breast to a position againstthe back to force the organs being removed into the confines of theloop, and

pulling the loop from the cavity bight-last while maintaining pressureagainst the back with said rounded periphery of the loop whereby towithdraw the desired organs from the cavity while the loop ridesharmlessly across the surfaces of the others.

2. In the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein are included the stepsof yieldably holding the loop with a first predetermined amount of forceagainst movement away from the back during insertion of the loop andyieldably holding the loop against such movement with an additionalpredetermined amount of force if said first predetermined amount isovercome.

3. In the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein is included theadditional steps of pressing the inserted loop against the back of thebird at its lung region, and then reducing the applied pressure as theloop moves out of the lung region toward said opening.

1. In a method of eviscerating a bird, the steps of: cutting an access opening to the body cavity of the bird at its vent; supporting the back of the bird; holding the bird against fore to aft movement; and removing from the cavity only those organs disposed within the space between the back and the breast while leaving those attached directly to the back or in sockets alongside the same fully intact, said removing step including the substeps of: inserting a loop having a rounded, non-serrated, smooth periphery into said cavity bight-first through said opening along a path extending between the organs to be removed and the breast of the bird, moving the loop from its position along the breast to a position against the back to force the organs being removed into the confines of the loop, and pulling the loop from the cavity bight-last while maintaining pressure against the back with said rounded periphery of the loop whereby to withdraw the desired organs from the cavity while the loop rides harmlessly across the surfaces of the others.
 2. In the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein are included the steps of yieldably holding the loop with a first predetermined amount of force aGainst movement away from the back during insertion of the loop and yieldably holding the loop against such movement with an additional predetermined amount of force if said first predetermined amount is overcome.
 3. In the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein is included the additional steps of pressing the inserted loop against the back of the bird at its lung region, and then reducing the applied pressure as the loop moves out of the lung region toward said opening. 